NCLT / NCLAT REPRESENTATION — under INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE 2016 (Sections 7/9/10 corporate insolvency; Section 14 moratorium; Section 29A Resolution Applicant; Section 30-31 Resolution Plan; Section 33 Liquidation; Section 53 waterfall; Section 60(5) jurisdiction; Sect...
NCLT / NCLAT REPRESENTATION — under INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE 2016 (Sections 7/9/10 corporate insolvency; Section 14 moratorium; Section 29A Resolution Applicant; Section 30-31 Resolution Plan; Section 33 Liquidation; Section 53 waterfall; Section 60(5) jurisdiction; Section 61 NCLAT appeal; Section 62 SC SLP) + COMPANIES ACT 2013 (Sections 230-232 compromise/arrangement/mergers; Sections 241-242 oppression + mismanagement; Section 245 class action; Section 252 restoration of struck-off; Section 421 NCLAT appeal). 16 NCLT BENCHES across India + NCLAT Principal Bench Delhi + Chennai Bench. THRESHOLD ₹1 CRORE (IBC) post-2020 amendment. CIRP TIMELINE 330 DAYS outer (Section 12). End-to-end: Strategy + section selection + threshold + limitation (B.K. Educational Services 2018 SC — 3 yrs) + Section 8 demand notice (S.9) + Default proof + IRP Form 2 consent + Form 1/5/6 filing + Admission + Section 14 moratorium + IRP appointment + CoC formation (66% threshold post-2019) + Information Memorandum + Resolution Plan (Section 30) + Section 29A eligibility + NCLT approval (Section 31) + Implementation OR Liquidation + Section 53 waterfall + NCLAT appeals + SC SLP. Landmark frameworks: Innoventive Industries (2017 SC); Mobilox Innovations (2017 SC) operational dispute bar; Swiss Ribbons (2019 SC) constitutionality; Essar Steel (2019 SC) CoC supremacy; Vidarbha Industries (2022 SC) NCLT discretion; P. Mohanraj (2021 SC) moratorium scope; Lalit Kumar Jain (2021 SC) personal guarantor; Pioneer Urban (2019 SC) homebuyers. Pre-pack PPIRP (Sections 54A-54P) for MSMEs ≤ ₹250 cr. NOT generic litigation — specialized commercial tribunal framework.
NCLT / NCLAT Representation in Ramanathapuram is a critical service for individuals, entrepreneurs, and enterprises operating in Tamil Nadu. At Nyaya Grah, we deliver this service under the direct supervision of senior counsel — never juniors masquerading — with complete process transparency and a binding money-back guarantee.
Ramanathapuram, with its 25L+ active businesses and ₹23L+ economic footprint, demands legal infrastructure that is both fast and accurate. Tamil Nadu's jurisdictional nuances — including a stamp duty of 7% and ₹2,400/yr professional tax — require local expertise that our team brings to every engagement.
Whether you are filing your first application, navigating a complex matter, or seeking specialist counsel, our practice in Ramanathapuram ensures every submission carries the imprimatur of seasoned review. We handle the regulatory machinery — you focus on your business.
Everything required to complete your NCLT / NCLAT Representation in Ramanathapuram — bundled into a single fixed fee.
A structured four-step process designed to be transparent, predictable, and accountable at every stage.
Free 30-min consultation with senior partner. Clear quote, timeline, document checklist.
Day 0Signed engagement letter with fixed fee. Document collection begins.
Day 1Strategy + section selection · Threshold + limitation check · Section 8 demand notice (S.9) · Default proof compilation · IRP Form 2 consent · Petition drafting (Form 1/5/6) · NCLT filing · Admission hearing · Moratorium · IRP appointment · CoC formation · Resolution Plan · NCLT approval / Liquidation.
Day 2-7Admission order + Moratorium declaration + IRP appointment + Public announcement + CoC formation + Resolution Plan approval (Section 31) OR Liquidation order (Section 33) + NCLAT appeals coordination + SC SLP if needed + 6-36 month case lifecycle support.
FinalA typical checklist. Our team will customize this list during the consultation based on your specific case.
Jurisdictional details relevant to your NCLT / NCLAT Representation in Ramanathapuram.
Fixed professional fees. Government charges quoted separately and disclosed in the engagement letter.
| Component | What's Included | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| NCLT / NCLAT Representation · Professional FeesSenior counsel · End-to-end service | All work above | ₹74999Fixed |
| Government FeesAuthority charges, filing fees | Pass-through | At ActualsReceipts shared |
| Stamp Duty (if applicable)Tamil Nadu rate: 7% | As per state | At ActualsQuoted upfront |
| GST on Professional Fees18% as per Indian GST | Statutory | 18%On professional fee |
All fees are disclosed in writing on the engagement letter before commencement. Money-back guarantee if we miss the quoted timeline.
Answers to questions most often posed by our clients in Tamil Nadu.
Our professional fee for NCLT / NCLAT Representation in Ramanathapuram starts at ₹74999, all-inclusive. Government fees, stamp duty (7% in Tamil Nadu), and 18% GST are billed separately at actuals. The complete fee breakdown is disclosed in writing on the engagement letter before work begins.
The standard timeline for NCLT / NCLAT Representation is 7-10 working days. We provide a written timeline on the engagement letter — if we miss it for reasons attributable to us, our professional fee is fully refunded (binding guarantee).
Yes. End-to-end. From document preparation to final filing with ROC Chennai and follow-up till certificate issuance — every step is handled by our team in Ramanathapuram. You will receive real-time updates via WhatsApp at every milestone.
You will speak to a senior partner with 15+ years of practice. We do not have juniors masquerading as senior counsel. Every consultation, strategic decision, and material communication is conducted by a partner. Routine execution may be delegated to qualified associates — but oversight remains with the partner throughout.
A typical checklist includes PAN, Aadhaar, address proof, and service-specific documents. The complete list is customized during your free consultation. We accept digital scans (PDF/JPG) — physical visits to our office are not required.
We serve clients across Tamil Nadu and all of India — 1,219+ cities. Our jurisdictional expertise for Tamil Nadu includes specific knowledge of ROC Chennai procedures, Tamil Nadu stamp duty (7%), and applicable state schemes such as TN Industrial Policy.
Simply call +91 7878407950 or message us on WhatsApp. Your first 30-min consultation is complimentary, conducted directly with the senior partner relevant to your matter. You will leave the call with full clarity on cost, timeline, and process — with no obligation to proceed.
Every engagement at Nyaya Grah is grounded in the relevant statute. For founders and counsel reviewing this matter, here is the foundation.
NCLT / NCLAT HIERARCHY: (1) NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL (NCLT) — 16 BENCHES across India under Section 408 Companies Act 2013: (a) PRINCIPAL BENCH at NEW DELHI, (b) MUMBAI (Bench I + II), (c) CHENNAI (Bench I + II), (d) KOLKATA, (e) BENGALURU, (f) AHMEDABAD, (g) HYDERABAD, (h) JAIPUR (Rajasthan + nearby states), (i) CUTTACK (Odisha + Jharkhand), (j) GUWAHATI (North-East), (k) CHANDIGARH (Punjab + Haryana + HP + J&K), (l) ALLAHABAD (UP), (m) INDORE (MP + Chhattisgarh), (n) AMARAVATI (AP), (o) KOCHI (Kerala + Lakshadweep). BENCH COMPOSITION: (a) Single Member (administrative matters), (b) Two-Member Bench (Judicial Member + Technical Member — most matters), (c) Three-Member Bench (specific complex matters); PRESIDED BY President NCLT (judicial qualification). (2) NATIONAL COMPANY LAW APPELLATE TRIBUNAL (NCLAT) — Section 410 Companies Act: (a) PRINCIPAL BENCH at NEW DELHI — appellate authority for NCLT orders (entire India), (b) CHENNAI BENCH — appellate for southern region NCLT orders; CHAIRPERSON NCLAT (Chief Justice of High Court rank); Judicial + Technical Members; 3-Member Bench typical. (3) JURISDICTION SCOPE: (a) INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE 2016 — Sections 7/9/10 corporate insolvency; Section 33 liquidation; Section 60(5) catch-all jurisdiction; Pre-pack PPIRP, (b) COMPANIES ACT 2013 — Sections 230-232 compromises/arrangements/mergers; Sections 241-242 oppression + mismanagement; Section 252 restoration of struck-off companies; Section 245 class actions; Sections 271-275 winding up (residual); Section 447 fraud, (c) LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP (LLP) Act 2008 — applicable provisions, (d) NIDHI COMPANIES + Producer Companies matters, (e) CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS / COMPANY SECRETARIES disciplinary appeals. (4) INTERFACE WITH OTHER FORUMS: (a) SUPREME COURT — appeals from NCLAT under Section 62 IBC (within 45 DAYS) or Article 136 SLP, (b) HIGH COURT — Article 226 writs for jurisdictional + procedural errors (limited use; NCLT primary forum); Article 227 supervisory (rare), (c) Companies Act ROUTING — many matters earlier with HC moved to NCLT post-2016 reforms. (5) IBBI (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India) — at NEW DELHI; regulator for insolvency professionals + IPAs + Regulations + Information Utilities; supervisory role. (6) INSOLVENCY PROFESSIONALS (IPs) — registered with IBBI through IPAs (Insolvency Professional Agencies): ICAI-IIPI + ICSI-IIP + IIIP-ICAI; appointed as IRP/RP/Liquidator. (7) INFORMATION UTILITIES (IUs) — for default verification; NeSL (National E-Governance Services Ltd) major IU. (8) NCLT REGISTRY — case scrutiny + numbering + filing administration; defects management. (9) MEDIATION CENTRES at some NCLT benches — for amicable resolution; growing practice. JAIPUR JURISDICTION: NCLT Jaipur Bench covers Rajasthan + parts of adjoining states; commercial benches at major cities; NCLAT Principal Bench Delhi for appeals from Jaipur NCLT.
KEY PORTALS for NCLT/NCLAT: (1) NCLT PORTAL (nclt.gov.in) — Primary platform: (a) Online filing of petitions + applications + appeals across all 16 benches, (b) Case status tracking + Cause Lists + Daily Orders, (c) Order downloads + Judgments database, (d) Bench-wise allocation + Cause lists, (e) e-Payment for court fees, (f) Petition + Application templates, (g) Forms 1-8 for various proceedings, (h) Online certificate issuance, (i) Vakalatnama upload, (j) Mediation referrals (where applicable). (2) NCLAT PORTAL (nclat.nic.in) — Appellate platform: (a) Online appeal filing, (b) Cause list + Daily orders, (c) Judgments database, (d) Practice directions, (e) Principal Bench Delhi + Chennai Bench coordination. (3) IBBI PORTAL (ibbi.gov.in) — Regulator: (a) Insolvency Professionals (IPs) registration + directory, (b) IBBI regulations + circulars + notifications, (c) IPA registration (ICAI-IIPI + ICSI-IIP + IIIP-ICAI), (d) Voluntary liquidation processes, (e) Information Utility (NeSL) integration, (f) Pre-pack PPIRP framework, (g) Insolvency statistics + monthly reports, (h) Examination + Continuing education for IPs. (4) MCA21 PORTAL (mca.gov.in) — Ministry of Corporate Affairs: (a) Company registration + master data, (b) Director DIN + KYC, (c) Annual returns + financial filings (AOC-4 + MGT-7), (d) Director identification + records, (e) NCLT case references coordination. (5) NeSL (National E-Governance Services Ltd — nesl.co.in) — Information Utility: (a) Default verification under IBC, (b) Electronic records + filings, (c) Authentication of debts, (d) Real-time data access for NCLT filings. (6) SC eFiling (efiling.sci.gov.in) — for SLP from NCLAT orders (Section 62 IBC / Article 136). (7) HC PORTALS — for writ challenges to NCLT orders (Article 226 — limited use). (8) JUDGMENT DATABASES — Indian Kanoon (FREE — comprehensive NCLT/NCLAT coverage) + Manupatra + SCC Online + Westlaw India (premium). (9) NCLT JUDGMENT SEARCH — nclt.gov.in/judgments — bench-wise + date-wise searchable. (10) IBC GRAPHITE + IBBI CIRCULARS — for procedural updates + regulatory framework. (11) PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS — ICAI-IIPI + ICSI-IIP + IIIP-ICAI for insolvency professional networks. (12) COMPANY LAW INSTITUTE — research + commentary + landmark case analysis.
IBC + NCLT DEVELOPMENTS: (1) THRESHOLD INCREASE — ₹1 CRORE (from ₹1 LAKH) post-2020 amendment; significant reduction in CIRP volume. (2) CoC VOTING — 66% threshold (revised down from 75% by 2019 amendment); applies to most decisions. (3) PRE-PACK INSOLVENCY (PPIRP) — Sections 54A-54P effective April 2021; for MSMEs ≤ ₹250 cr turnover; 120-day timeline. (4) PERSONAL GUARANTOR INSOLVENCY — Lalit Kumar Jain v UoI (2021 SC) framework; promoter exposure significant. (5) VIDARBHA INDUSTRIES v AXIS BANK (2022 SC) — NCLT DISCRETION in Section 7 admission; not automatic. (6) ESSAR STEEL v SATISH KUMAR GUPTA (2019 SC) — CoC SUPREMACY + limited judicial review; foundational. (7) SWISS RIBBONS v UoI (2019 SC) — IBC constitutionality + Section 29A validity. (8) P. MOHANRAJ v SHAH BROTHERS ISPAT (2021 SC) — Section 14 moratorium bars Section 138 NI Act against COMPANY; continues against directors. (9) PIONEER URBAN LAND v UoI (2019 SC) + JAYPEE KENSINGTON v NBCC (2021 SC) — HOMEBUYERS as Financial Creditors. (10) SUNDARESH BHATT v CBIC (2022 SC) — customs duty in IBC waterfall. (11) TCS v VISHAL GHISULAL JAIN (2022 SC) — Section 14 vs contractual termination. (12) IBBI EVOLUTION — Insolvency Professionals regulation matured; IPA framework operational; information Utility (NeSL) integration. (13) BENCH EXPANSION — NCLT benches across 16 cities; reduced backlog focus. (14) CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY — pending framework under IBC. (15) BNS/BNSS/BSA 2023 impact — Section 447 fraud framework + Section 63 BSA electronic evidence (post-1 July 2024). (16) RECENT TRENDS — increasing operational creditor filings; homebuyers active; banking sector recovery focus; growing PPIRP adoption.
No vague timelines. Here's the actual phase-wise breakdown for NCLT / NCLAT Representation in Ramanathapuram.
INITIAL NCLT/NCLAT ASSESSMENT: (1) MATTER CATEGORISATION: (a) IBC PROCEEDINGS — Section 7 (Financial Creditor) / Section 9 (Operational Creditor) / Section 10 (Corporate Debtor self); (b) COMPANIES ACT — Sections 230-232 (Compromise/Arrangement/Merger) / Sections 241-242 (Oppression + Mismanagement) / Section 245 (Class Action) / Section 252 (Restoration of struck-off); (c) Pre-pack PPIRP (Sections 54A-54P) for MSMEs. (2) SECTION 7 vs SECTION 9 strategic choice — for creditors: (a) Section 7 (Financial) — direct + no demand notice + faster; (b) Section 9 (Operational) — Section 8 demand notice + 10-day waiting + existence of dispute bar (Mobilox 2017 SC). (3) THRESHOLD ASSESSMENT — ₹1 CRORE default amount minimum (post-2020 amendment increased from ₹1 LAKH); below = inadmissible (specific thresholds: Personal Guarantor ₹1 LAKH+). (4) LIMITATION CHECK — Section 60(5) IBC + B.K. Educational Services (2018 SC): 3 YEARS from DATE OF DEFAULT; Section 18 Limitation Act acknowledgement restarts; Section 5 condonation for sufficient cause. (5) NeSL (Information Utility) records verification — strengthens default proof. (6) DEFAULT PROOF compilation — comprehensive: (a) Financial debt documents (loan agreements + bond documents + bank statements), (b) Operational debt (invoices + ledgers + delivery notes + correspondence), (c) Default communications + Section 8 notices (if Section 9), (d) NPA classifications, (e) RBI/Banker statements, (f) Default date + amount computation precise. (7) RESOLUTION APPLICANT eligibility (Section 29A) — for prospective bidders: 12 disqualifying categories analysis; Swiss Ribbons (2019 SC) framework. (8) CORPORATE DEBTOR STATUS verification — MCA21 + ROC records; existing CIRP/Liquidation status; pending matters. (9) IRP IDENTIFICATION — IBBI-registered Insolvency Professional engagement; consent (Form 2); no-conflict declaration; reputation + experience evaluation. (10) STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES — settlement + restructuring + One Time Settlement (OTS) considerations before CIRP; pre-pack PPIRP for eligible MSMEs (₹250 cr turnover threshold). (11) LANDMARK CASE STRATEGY — Innoventive Industries (2017 SC) + Mobilox (2017 SC) + Essar Steel (2019 SC) + Vidarbha Industries (2022 SC) frameworks. (12) BUDGET + Timeline realistic — IBC typically 6-18 months admission + CIRP 180-330 days + appeals additional.
PRE-FILING PREPARATION: (1) SECTION 8 DEMAND NOTICE (for Section 9 Operational Creditor) — MANDATORY framework: (a) Comprehensive content: corporate debtor + operational creditor details + operational debt particulars + amount + breakdown + interest computation + invoices + supporting documents, (b) 10-DAY RESPONSE WINDOW from receipt — strict, (c) Modes — Registered Post with AD / Speed Post / Email / Personal service, (d) Acknowledgement preservation, (e) Macquarie Bank v Shilpi Cable Technologies (2018 SC) framework compliance. (2) RESPONSE ANALYSIS: (a) FULL PAYMENT — case closed, (b) PARTIAL PAYMENT + dispute response — strategic decision (proceed for balance or withdraw), (c) DISPUTE RESPONSE — existence of dispute bar (Mobilox 2017 SC); pre-existing genuine dispute = Section 9 inadmissibility, (d) NO RESPONSE = proceed with Section 9 application. (3) FOR SECTION 7 (FINANCIAL CREDITOR) — no demand notice but ensure: (a) Default date precise, (b) Financial debt definition met (Section 5(7) IBC), (c) NeSL records / banker certificate strengthens, (d) Multiple defaults / NPA classification documented. (4) DEFAULT PROOF COMPILATION — comprehensive: (a) Loan/Service agreements (originals), (b) Bank statements showing defaults, (c) Communications + correspondence trail, (d) RBI / Banker certificates, (e) Audited financial statements, (f) Director resolutions (where applicable), (g) NPA classification documents, (h) Income Tax + GST records (operational debts), (i) Section 63 BSA 2023 certificates for electronic evidence. (5) INFORMATION UTILITY (NeSL) RECORDS verification — strengthens default proof significantly; Information Utility framework under IBBI Regulations 2017. (6) IRP IDENTIFICATION + CONSENT (Form 2): (a) IBBI-registered Insolvency Professional, (b) Consent letter on prescribed form, (c) Assignment letter, (d) IPA membership verification (ICAI-IIPI / ICSI-IIP / IIIP-ICAI), (e) No-conflict declaration, (f) Track record evaluation. (7) FOR COMPANIES ACT MATTERS — different documentation: (a) Section 241-242 — acts of oppression detailed; members' interest demonstration; reliefs sought; (b) Section 230-232 — scheme + valuer report + auditor certificate; (c) Section 252 — strike-off reasons + balance sheet + restoration grounds. (8) DOCUMENT REVIEW — comprehensive case file preparation. (9) LANDMARK CASE CITATIONS compilation — for strengthened petition.
COMPREHENSIVE NCLT FILING: (1) FORM SELECTION + PREPARATION: (a) FORM 1 — Section 7 application (Financial Creditor) with comprehensive financial debt + default + corporate debtor particulars + IRP consent, (b) FORM 5 — Section 9 application (Operational Creditor) with Section 8 notice + dispute negative declaration + operational debt particulars, (c) FORM 6 — Section 10 application (Corporate Debtor) with board resolution + financial statements + creditor list, (d) Companies Act forms — for Sections 230/232/241/245/252 matters, (e) Strict format compliance per NCLT Rules 2016. (2) PETITION DRAFTING — comprehensive: (a) Cause title + Parties (with full identification), (b) Statement of facts (chronological), (c) Section invoked + Statutory framework, (d) Default amount + computation precise, (e) Limitation declaration (Section 60(5) IBC + B.K. Educational Services 2018 SC framework), (f) Section 8 notice details (Section 9 cases), (g) IRP consent reference, (h) Reliefs sought — specific: admission + IRP appointment + moratorium + CIRP commencement, (i) Annexures index, (j) Affidavit verification, (k) Signature of authorized signatory + counsel + Date. (3) ANNEXURES preparation — material documents: (a) Financial/Operational debt documents (loan agreements + invoices + correspondence + bank statements), (b) Section 8 demand notice + service proof + reply (if any), (c) Default proof documents, (d) NeSL Information Utility records, (e) IRP consent (Form 2) + IPA membership, (f) Board resolution authorizing application (Section 10 + Companies Act), (g) Audited financials, (h) ROC filings + master data, (i) Section 63 BSA 2023 certificates for electronic evidence, (j) Numbered Annexures (chronological). (4) COURT FEE — per NCLT Rules + state schedule; typically ₹25,000 for Section 7/9 IBC; varies by application type. (5) VAKALATNAMA — POA to counsel; stamped per state. (6) FILING — nclt.gov.in portal: (a) Online filing increasingly mandatory, (b) Physical copies for record (some benches), (c) e-Payment for fees, (d) Acknowledgement generation, (e) Defects rectification if Office Memorandum (OM) issued. (7) BENCH ASSIGNMENT — based on corporate debtor's registered office location; Jaipur NCLT for Rajasthan registered companies. (8) SUPPLEMENTARY APPLICATIONS — if interim relief needed (moratorium urgency + asset preservation). (9) LANDMARK CASE CITATIONS in pleading — Innoventive Industries (2017 SC) + Mobilox (2017 SC) + others case-specific.
ADMISSION + CIRP INITIATION: (1) ADMISSION HEARING — typically 30-60 days from filing: (a) NCLT bench (2-Member typical) hears petition, (b) Public Prosecutor / Government representation if government involved, (c) Respondent (corporate debtor) may oppose; existence of dispute argument (Section 9 cases — Mobilox 2017 SC), (d) Senior counsel for complex / high-value matters, (e) Court considers — debt existence + default + threshold + limitation + Section 29A (Resolution Applicant). (2) ADMISSION OUTCOMES: (a) ADMISSION + CIRP COMMENCED — most favorable outcome: (i) Section 13 — Moratorium under Section 14 declared, (ii) IRP appointed (from petitioner's consent — Form 2), (iii) Public announcement by IRP within 3 days, (iv) Cause Title becomes "In re: Corporate Debtor" matter, (b) DISMISSAL — if grounds not made out: (i) No financial/operational debt established, (ii) Default not proved, (iii) Below ₹1 crore threshold, (iv) Limitation bar, (v) Section 9 existence of dispute, (vi) Procedural defects, (c) DEFERRED — for further consideration / additional documents. (3) MORATORIUM under Section 14 IBC — KEY PROTECTION: (a) Bar on SUITS + Recovery proceedings against corporate debtor (except specific exceptions), (b) Bar on ALIENATION/transfer of assets, (c) Bar on action under SARFAESI, (d) Bar on TERMINATION of essential services (TCS v Vishal Ghisulal Jain 2022 SC), (e) Bar on Section 138 NI Act against COMPANY under CIRP (P. Mohanraj 2021 SC) — CONTINUES against directors + guarantors, (f) Excludes — Civil Court ongoing trials (limited); Constitutional Court (Article 226/32), (g) Validity — Embassy Property Developments (2019 SC) + Rajendra K Bhutta (2020 SC) frameworks. (4) IRP APPOINTMENT — from petitioner's Form 2 consent or NCLT-appointed: (a) Takes over management of corporate debtor as GOING CONCERN, (b) Public announcement + Information Memorandum preparation, (c) Claims collection from creditors, (d) Constitution of CoC within 30 days, (e) Operating costs management. (5) PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT by IRP — within 3 days: (a) Newspaper notice (English + vernacular), (b) IBBI website notification, (c) Information for claims submission. (6) CLAIMS COLLECTION + Verification — within 14 days; IRP verifies + classifies financial vs operational. (7) INFORMATION MEMORANDUM preparation by IRP — Section 29 IBC. (8) COC CONSTITUTION (Section 21) — within 30 days: (a) Financial creditors voting share calculation, (b) First meeting convened within 7 days of constitution, (c) Resolution Professional (RP) appointment confirmation. (9) APPEAL CONSIDERATION — if dismissed: NCLAT under Section 61 IBC within 30 days + 15-day condonation.
CIRP CORE PROCEEDINGS: (1) COMMITTEE OF CREDITORS (CoC) MEETINGS (Section 21): (a) Financial creditors voting share basis, (b) 66% THRESHOLD for most decisions (revised down from 75% by 2019 amendment); 75% for specific matters (extensions + Resolution Plan some elements), (c) Resolution Professional (RP) appointment confirmation, (d) Voting record maintenance + IBBI compliance, (e) Periodic meetings (typically monthly), (f) Decisions on: extension of CIRP timeline + RP fees + management proposals + interim arrangements + sale of assets etc. (2) RESOLUTION PROFESSIONAL (RP) — Section 22-25: (a) Manages corporate debtor as going concern, (b) Confirmed or replaced by CoC, (c) Conducts CoC meetings, (d) Issues Information Memorandum (Section 29), (e) Invites Resolution Plans, (f) Coordinates Due Diligence by Resolution Applicants. (3) INFORMATION MEMORANDUM (Section 29) — comprehensive: (a) Business + Financial + Asset details, (b) Liabilities + Creditor list, (c) Material litigation, (d) Corporate structure + Subsidiaries, (e) Confidentiality framework for prospective Resolution Applicants. (4) RESOLUTION APPLICANT INVITATION + DUE DILIGENCE: (a) Expression of Interest (EoI) phase, (b) Resolution Applicants must be Section 29A ELIGIBLE (anti-promoter abuse — 12 disqualifying categories), (c) Due diligence period (30-60 days typical), (d) Resolution Plan submissions. (5) RESOLUTION PLAN SUBMISSIONS (Section 30): (a) Multiple Resolution Applicants typically, (b) Plans evaluated by RP + CoC for: (i) Financial viability, (ii) Implementation feasibility, (iii) Maximization of asset value, (iv) Promoter + Employee transition, (v) Statutory compliance, (vi) Repayment to creditors, (c) Negotiation + Modifications, (d) Multiple rounds possible. (6) CoC VOTING on Resolution Plan — 66% threshold for approval (revised down from 75%); Essar Steel (2019 SC) — CoC SUPREMACY framework; commercial wisdom respected. (7) NCLT APPROVAL of Resolution Plan (Section 31) — LIMITED JUDICIAL REVIEW (Essar Steel 2019 SC): (a) Check Section 30(2) compliance (essential conditions), (b) NOT to substitute CoC commercial wisdom, (c) Binding on all stakeholders post-approval, (d) Implementation timeline + supervision. (8) RESOLUTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION — Resolution Applicant takes over: (a) Management transition, (b) Creditor payouts per plan, (c) Asset transfers, (d) Statutory compliance, (e) NCLT supervision during implementation. (9) FAILURE OF RESOLUTION PLAN attempts — LIQUIDATION under Section 33 IBC. (10) PRE-PACK INSOLVENCY (PPIRP) for MSMEs — Sections 54A-54P; faster 120-day framework; debtor-driven; CoC approval required; NCLT supervised. (11) HOMEBUYERS as Financial Creditors (Pioneer Urban 2019 SC + Jaypee Kensington 2021 SC) — significant CoC voting share; representative authentication.
POST-RESOLUTION / LIQUIDATION + APPEALS: (1) LIQUIDATION (Sections 33-54) if CIRP fails: (a) Section 33 trigger — CoC decides OR Resolution Plan not approved within 330 days, (b) Section 34 — LIQUIDATOR appointment by NCLT, (c) Public announcement + Claims collection (re-verification), (d) Asset valuation + Sale process: (i) Going concern sale (preferable), (ii) Asset-by-asset sale, (iii) Slump sale, (e) Section 53 WATERFALL DISTRIBUTION: (1) CIRP cost → (2) Workmen 24mo + Secured creditors → (3) Other Workmen 12mo → (4) Unsecured Financial debts → (5) Government dues → (6) Other debts → (7) Preference shareholders → (8) Equity shareholders, (f) Sundaresh Bhatt v CBIC (2022 SC) — Customs duty in waterfall. (2) VOLUNTARY LIQUIDATION (Section 233 IBC) — for solvent companies; different process; member-driven. (3) NCLAT APPEAL under Section 61 IBC: (a) WITHIN 30 DAYS of NCLT order + 15-day CONDONATION under Section 61(2); STRICT TIMELINE, (b) For IBC matters: NCLAT Principal Bench Delhi OR Chennai Bench (regional), (c) GROUNDS — limited: (i) Jurisdictional errors, (ii) Procedural irregularities, (iii) Manifest illegality, (iv) Section 30(2) compliance issues, (v) Constitutional grounds, (d) NCLAT bench (3-Member typical) — comprehensive review, (e) Stay of impugned order — separate application; conditions imposed typically. (4) NCLAT APPEAL under Section 421 Companies Act: (a) WITHIN 45 DAYS + 45-day condonation (different from IBC 30+15), (b) Wider grounds + more discretion, (c) NCLAT Principal Bench typically. (5) SC SLP under Section 62 IBC: (a) WITHIN 45 DAYS — different from general 90-day SLP, (b) AOR mandatory + Senior Counsel for important matters, (c) Article 136 framework continues. (6) SC SLP for Companies Act matters — Article 136 — 90 days. (7) CONTEMPT proceedings under Section 425 Companies Act — for non-compliance with NCLT/NCLAT orders. (8) IMPLEMENTATION SUPERVISION post-resolution: (a) Resolution Plan compliance monitoring, (b) Creditor payout tracking, (c) Asset transfer verification, (d) Statutory compliance, (e) NCLT periodic reports. (9) RECOVERY POST-LIQUIDATION: (a) Asset sale proceeds distribution per Section 53, (b) Preferential transactions challenges (Sections 43-51), (c) Fraudulent + Wrongful trading proceedings (Sections 66-67), (d) Director liability + Personal Guarantor action. (10) FOR HOMEBUYERS / RETAIL CREDITORS — class representation framework; collective participation. (11) PARALLEL PROCEEDINGS coordination — civil matters + criminal proceedings + RBI/SEBI investigations during/post CIRP. (12) LONG-TERM ADVOCACY — post-resolution monitoring + compliance + recoveries.
Most counsel quote one number. We show you what goes where, so there is nothing to discover later.
| Component | Amount | Note |
|---|---|---|
| IBC SECTION 7 (Financial Creditor) | ₹1,49,999 – ₹9,99,999 | Direct route; NeSL records strengthen |
| IBC SECTION 9 (Operational Creditor) | ₹74,999 – ₹4,99,999 | Section 8 notice mandatory + 10-day window |
| IBC SECTION 10 (Corporate Debtor self) | ₹1,49,999 – ₹19,99,999 | Board resolution + financial disclosure |
| SECTIONS 241-242 (Oppression + Mismanagement) | ₹1,99,999 – ₹19,99,999 | Complex minority protection + Tata Sons framework |
| SECTION 245 CLASS ACTION | ₹2,99,999 – ₹29,99,999 | Investor protection mechanism |
| SECTION 252 Restoration of struck-off | ₹49,999 – ₹2,99,999 | ROC restoration + balance sheet |
| SECTION 230 Compromise + Arrangement | ₹2,99,999 – ₹29,99,999 | Scheme + Valuer report + creditor consent |
| SECTION 232 Merger / Amalgamation | ₹4,99,999 – ₹49,99,999 | Complex M&A + regulatory approvals |
| PRE-PACK INSOLVENCY (PPIRP) — MSME | ₹1,49,999 – ₹9,99,999 | For MSMEs ≤ ₹250 cr; 120-day faster framework |
| PERSONAL GUARANTOR INSOLVENCY (Part III) | ₹2,99,999 – ₹19,99,999 | Promoter personal guarantees; Lalit Kumar Jain framework |
| CIRP Coordination + CoC Meetings | ₹1,99,999 – ₹9,99,999 | Ongoing for petitioner / Resolution Applicant |
| RESOLUTION PLAN preparation + negotiation | ₹4,99,999 – ₹49,99,999 | For Resolution Applicants; complex commercial work |
| LIQUIDATION COORDINATION | ₹2,99,999 – ₹19,99,999 | Section 33-54 + Section 53 waterfall |
| SECTION 14 MORATORIUM applications | ₹49,999 – ₹4,99,999 | Specific moratorium issues + scope |
| NCLAT APPEAL (Section 61 IBC) | ₹1,99,999 – ₹19,99,999 | 30 days + 15-day condonation |
| NCLAT APPEAL (Section 421 Companies Act) | ₹1,99,999 – ₹19,99,999 | 45 days + 45-day condonation |
| SC SLP from NCLAT (Section 62 IBC) | ₹2,99,999 – ₹29,99,999 | 45 days specific; AOR mandatory |
| SC SLP (Article 136 — Companies Act) | ₹2,99,999 – ₹29,99,999 | 90 days; AOR + Senior Counsel |
| CONTEMPT proceedings (Section 425) | ₹49,999 – ₹4,99,999 | Non-compliance with NCLT/NCLAT orders |
| GOVERNMENT FEES (PASS-THROUGH) | ||
| NCLT court fee | ₹25,000 typical | Pass-through; varies by application |
| Vakalatnama stamp | ₹100 – ₹500 | Pass-through; state-specific |
| Notary + Affidavit | ₹500 – ₹2,000 | Pass-through; per affidavit |
| Photocopying + Index | ₹5,000 – ₹1,00,000 | Pass-through; record-heavy |
| NeSL fees | ₹50 – ₹2,000 | Pass-through; per record |
| IRP / RP FEES (PASS-THROUGH) | ||
| IRP / RP monthly fee | ₹50,000 – ₹5,00,000 | Pass-through; CoC determined |
| Forensic Audit + Valuation | ₹5,00,000 – ₹50,00,000+ | Pass-through; case-specific |
| Public announcements + IBBI | ₹50,000 – ₹2,00,000 | Pass-through |
| SENIOR COUNSEL FEES (PASS-THROUGH) | ||
| Junior counsel per hearing | ₹15,000 – ₹50,000 | Pass-through; NCLT routine |
| Senior counsel per hearing | ₹1,00,000 – ₹10,00,000+ | Pass-through; complex matters |
| Senior Advocate NCLAT | ₹4,99,999 – ₹49,99,999 | Pass-through; per appearance |
| Senior Counsel SC | ₹9,99,999 – ₹1,99,99,999 | Pass-through; per matter |
| AOR (Advocate-on-Record) SC | ₹49,999 – ₹9,99,999 | Pass-through; mandatory for SC |
| CoC Secretarial services | ₹50,000 – ₹2,00,000/mo | CIRP duration |
| ONGOING POST-RESOLUTION support | ₹49,999 – ₹9,99,999/yr | Implementation monitoring |
Total estimate from 74999 · final fee depends on entity size, document readiness, and city-specific stamp duty (see local jurisdiction above).
From hundreds of engagements, here are the patterns that cause founders and businesses to come back to us in distress. Avoid these and you've already won 70% of the matter.
Section 7 (Financial Creditor) — no demand notice; Section 9 (Operational Creditor) — Section 8 mandatory + dispute bar (Mobilox 2017 SC); Section 10 (Corporate Debtor self). Wrong section = dismissal.
IBC threshold ₹1 CRORE post-2020 amendment (increased from ₹1 LAKH). Below = inadmissible. Personal Guarantor ₹1 LAKH+. Strict.
For Operational Creditor — Section 8 notice MANDATORY + 10-DAY response window. Macquarie Bank (2018 SC) framework. Skipping = inadmissibility.
For Section 9 — pre-existing genuine dispute = ADMISSIBILITY BAR. Comprehensive check before filing; alternative routes if dispute exists.
Form 2 IRP consent from IBBI-registered Insolvency Professional MANDATORY. IPA membership + no-conflict declaration. Defective = procedural rejection.
3 YEARS from DATE OF DEFAULT (B.K. Educational Services 2018 SC). NOT NPA classification date. Section 18 acknowledgement restarts. Section 5 condonation discretionary.
12 disqualifying categories (defaulters + NPAs + connected persons + fraud + economic offences). Swiss Ribbons (2019 SC) framework. Inadvertent ineligibility = plan rejection.
66% threshold for most decisions (revised down from 75% by 2019 amendment); 75% for specific matters. Wrong threshold counting = challenge potential.
Bars suits + alienation + SARFAESI + Section 138 NI Act against COMPANY (P. Mohanraj 2021 SC). CONTINUES against directors + guarantors. Embassy Property (2019 SC) + Rajendra Bhutta (2020 SC) on asset scope.
Petitions strengthened by Innoventive Industries (2017 SC) + Mobilox (2017 SC) + Essar Steel (2019 SC) + Vidarbha Industries (2022 SC) + B.K. Educational Services (2018 SC) + Section-specific landmarks.
IBC matters — 30 days + 15-day condonation (Section 61(2)); Companies Act — 45 days + 45-day condonation (Section 421). Strict timelines; sufficient cause condonation discretionary.
Default verification via NeSL strengthens IBC petition significantly. Information Utility records make defaults harder to dispute. Strategic for serious matters.
For complex CIRPs — comprehensive forensic audit critical for preferential + fraudulent transactions (Sections 43-51) + wrongful trading (Sections 66-67). Senior forensic auditors essential.
NCLAT + SC SLP matters need senior counsel + AOR (SC). Complex resolution plans + high-value matters require specialized practice.
These are the signals — observed across the profession — that your money and matter are about to be handled poorly. We list them so you can vet anyone, including us.
Not the polished 5 — the 15 that come up in real consultations. Click any to expand.
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